Thursday, January 29, 2009

The History and Evolution of E-commerce




Electronic Commerce


Definition
Electronic Commerce (EC) is the process of using computer networks to buy, sell, or exchange products, services, or information. In other words, EC is a modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organizations, merchants, and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services as well as the increasing speed of service delivery through Internet.


History
In the early 1970s, the development of EC applications are started with electronic funds transfer (EFT). EPT refers to the computer-based systems used to perform financial transactions electronically. The use of these applications was limited to financial institutes, large corporations, and some daring businesses.


Electronic data interchange (EDI) was developed in the late 1970s to improve the limitation faced in EFT. The pool of participating company is enlarged from financial institutions to manufacturers, retailers, services, and others, by the use of EDI.


An Interorganizational System (IOS) allows the flow of information to be automated between organizations in order to reach a desired supply-chain management system, which enables the development of competitive organizations.

From the 1990s onwards, electronic commerce would additionally include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data warehousing.
The term ‘electronic commerce’ was coined in the early 1990s when Internet became commercialized and users began flocking to participate in the World Wide Web. Then, EC applications were rapidly expanded.


Possibly EC is introduced from the Telephone Exchange Office. The earliest example of many-to-many EC in physical goods was the Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computers launched in 1982. The first online information marketplace, including online consulting, was likely the American Information Exchange, another pre-Internet online system was introduced in 1991.

Evolution
Many innovative applications, ranging from direct online sales to e-learning experiences had been developed since 1995. Despite that, every organization in the world has a Web site.
In 1999, the emphasis of EC shifted from B2C to B2B. The stress of EC transferred from B2B to B2E, e-government, e-learning, and m-commerce in 2001. Later the social networks, I-commerce and wireless applications started to rise in 2005.
E-commerce will undoubtedly continue to shift and change in the future.


Here is the list of some EC events:



1984
EDI, or electronic data interchange, was standardized through ASC X12. This guaranteed that companies would be able to complete transactions with one another reliably.

1992
Compuserve offers online retail products to its customers. This gives people the first chance to buy things off their computer.


1994
Netscape arrived. Providing users a simple browser to surf the Internet and a safe online transaction technology called Secure Sockets Layer.


1995
Two of the biggest names in e-commerce are launched: Amazon.com and eBay.com.

1998
DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, provides fast, always-on Internet service to subscribers across California. This prompts people to spend more time, and money, online.



The success example of e-commerce




eBay is one of the success example of e-commerce. It is also a well-known website for everyone. eBay was founded in Pierre Omidyar's San Jose living room back in September 1995. It was from the start meant to be a marketplace for the sale of goods and services for individuals. For the last 13 years, eBay has built a strong vision that it is a company in the business of connecting people, not selling them things.


By using the World Wide Web, eBay has built an online person-to-person trading community on Internet to provide a space for auction. Buyers and sellers are brought together in a manner where sellers are permitted to list items for sale and the buyers are allowed to bid on the items which they are interested on. eBay has been setting the category for each type of auction by topics. All eBay users can browse through listed items in a fully automated way. They are having both streamlined and globalised traditional person-to-person trading. Their facilities are easy for the buyers to explore and enable the sellers list an item for sale immediately within minutes of registering. The binding contract of the auction is between the winning bidder and the seller only.


eBay offers several types of auctions such as below:
1. Auction-style listings allow the seller to offer one or more items for sale for a specified number of days. The seller can establish a reserve price.
2. Fixed Price format allows the seller to offer one or more items for sale at a Buy It Now Price. Buyers who agree to pay that price win the auction immediately without submitting a bid.
3. Dutch Auction allow the seller to offer two or more identical items in the same auction. Bidders can bid for any number from one item up to the total number offered.
In other words, eBay successfully generated its revenue though transaction fees by using online auction business model.


One of the reasons of the success of eBay is really enjoy the experience of the shopping bazaar. The buyers are enjoying the hunt and the competition of the bidding process. They enjoy looking around for merchandise. Everybody likes to get a bargain, and everybody, in some way, shape, or form, likes to haggle a little bit over the price. eBay has setup a user-friendly platform that allows users to make transactions. Other than that, eBay might be the first example where a commerce site has actually been built around a society where people exchanging information and also goods, services and merchandise.


Moreover, eBay have many strategic partnerships, chief among them is America Online. eBay have created a series of co-branded sites through the AOL properties, and they have a number of arrangements with sites that go back several years as an exchange to encourage people to come into eBay site. It makes eBay become a successful online company.


eBay went public on September 21, 1998, and both Omidyar and Skoll became instant billionaires. Subsequently, the company purchased PayPal on October 14, 2002. The domain eBay.com attracted at least 902 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study. This was thrice the numbers of walmart.com. eBay is an success e-commerce business. In year 2007, eBay had earned $7,672.3 million in total revenue.



Related links:
http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~magnus/ief248a/eBay/history.html
http://www.ebay.com/

Wednesday, January 28, 2009

E-Commerce Can Reduce Cycle Time, Improve Employees’ Empowerment And Facilitate Customer Support

REDUCE CYCLE TIME

One of the most important aspects of business efficiency is the cycle time, which is defined as the total time taken to complete a task. As customer demands are increasing from day to day and most of the companies are globalized, the traditional way of doing business does not seem to be applicable. As a result, e-commerce has become a need, especially in big and international firms.

E-commerce can reduce cycle time by eliminating steps in business processes. By eliminating the unnecessary processes or step, it can effectively shorter the total cycle time. The steps may be redundant or can be replaced with more efficient technology solutions. The elimination of the steps speeds the overall process.


Also, e-commerce allows company to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. With e-commerce, the business is on going for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365days a year. E-commerce benefits consumers by providing them convenience, high speed, low cost, desired customization, personalization and communities. As a result, this can help to bring the relationship between the organization and customers closer in order to reduce cycle time.



IMPROVE EMPLOYEES’ EMPOWERMENT

Giving employees’ responsibility and authority to make decisions without supervisory approval is the definition of employees’ empowerment. Nowadays, employees’ empowerment has become more and more common in most of the companies as employees are more educated. As a result, the master and slave relationship can not be applied anymore.

E-commerce can provide employee empowerment by providing employees with greater and easier access to information provided by the employer. The power of managers should now be shared with employees through trust, assurance, motivation, and support. Work decisions and the ability to control an individual’s amount of work is now being relied upon at lower-level management positions.

One of the systems that enable the employees to have freedom and authority to access in transaction system is the Electronic-Data-Interchange (EDI). It results in transparency barrier between employee and customer. Employees in charge can have more understanding on the business and the transaction and providing relevance feedback to customer. Employees who work under these circumstances are more productivity as they can work independently. However, those who work under tight supervise normally will be less productivity.



FACILITATES CUSTOMER SUPPORT

E-commerce facilitates customer support by providing a wide range of technological solutions and communication opportunities. A 24 hours on going business can facilitates customer to have unlimited shopping hours. Additionally, EC supports self-help customer service so consumers can answer their own questions.

Other than that, retaining customers by satisfying their needs is the objective in customer service for example managing customers’ feedback, complaints, recommendation is essential in enhancing customers support.




Useful links:
http://ecomspace.blogspot.com/2008/06/discuss-how-e-commerce-can-reduce-cycle.html
http://4krewz.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-e-commerce-can-reduce-cycle-time_17.html
http://amazingcommerce.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/discuss-how-e-commerce-can-reduce-cycle-time-improve-employees-empowernment-and-facilitate-customer-support/
http://4ecom.blogspot.com/2008/06/discuss-how-e-commerce-can-reduce-cycle.html
http://flora-ourstory.blogspot.com/2008/06/discuss-how-e-commerce-can-reduce-cycle.html
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=6A0DAC6DB35D27B1DB6E4C798FB2FD4B?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=842917
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118925756/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
http://ecommercesite.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/reduction-of-cycle-time-improve-employees-empowerment-facilitate-customer-support-through-e-commerce/

Sunday, January 25, 2009

An example of an E-Commerce failure and its causes.

Introduction of Dot-Com

The dot-com era was a period of time between 1995 and 2001. During this period, many companies that were related to the Internet sector saw rapid increased in their stocks prices. Many companies were born into a booming market offering numerous services to customers because they were driven with speculations and only emphasizing in the stock prices. The dot-com had such a fast start due to venturing of capitalists who saw many opportunities to make quick money and decided to open Internet companies to rival the current companies in the market. The business model for most these companies was “get big fast”, in order to use this business model lots of cash was needed to keep these companies at float. By doing this most of these companies appeared to be rich on paper and many entrepreneurs were becoming rich by creating and then selling their companies, to later invest in new companies. This in effect caused to over evaluate companies far beyond from what they were actually worth (Dot-com bubble).

Causes of Dot-Com Failure

The dot-com failure was mainly caused by over evaluated companies that were worth much less than their actual price. A great demand in the stock market for these Internet companies, cause theirs stocks to grow rapidly and uncontrollably. Another important factor was the fact the most of these companies has the same business plan, which was to gain control of the each sector in a monopoly.

Another factor is that company spending went to enormous scales; with business policies like “Get large or get lost” and “growth over profits” most companies were just looking into getting as big as possible as fast as possible. Most of the capital was spent in advertisement, equipment and resources that helped these companies gain a larger customer base faster. It was just a matter of time until the bubble would burst, during 1999 and 2001 the Federal Reserve increased the tax rates six times and the uncontrolled economy was starting to lose its speed, this was the beginning of the dot-com failure. Another big factor that contributed for the rapid decline of these companies, was the business expending related for Y2K preparations, after the New Year came in with no incident, many companies were left with lots of equipment they had no use for (Dot-com bubble).

Popular Companies that failed

  • Nikolai.com
  • Webvan.com
  • Pets.com
  • Kozmo.com
  • Go.com
  • Kibu.com
  • MVP.com
  • Boo.com
  • Etoys.com

http://itom.fau.edu/jgoo/fa08/ISM4220/team.pdf

http://spicegroup.blogspot.com/2008/06/electronic-commerce-commonly-known-as-e.html

http://bongchingchiangkhor.blogspot.com/2008/06/example-of-e-commerce-failure-and-its.html

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

FRIENDz...


Two years ago, these four girls first to know each others at UTAR. At the beginning, all of them are quite shy and polite. BUT, after familiar, they all become very “ji-zha” once four of them are together.


Pei Ling: PL Chen Ying: CY Bee Ling: BL
Kiat Min: KM
CY: Hi, girls!
PL: Hey, you have changed your hairstyle!
BL: Have you all noticed any changes in me?
KM: Yes, of course! Your hair is like bitten by rat!
BL: Got meh?
CY, PL, KM: Wahaha…
BL: :'(
PL: What you all do during the semester break?
BL: I everyday surf UTAR website to check for result.
CY, PL, KM: Ya ya ya…
KM: Nervous for result leh!
PL: Aiyo… No need so worried lah! I played Pet Society and World Challenge everyday.
CY: What is that?
BL: You outdated already! They are flash games in Facebook.
CY: What lah? I’m doing something that is more meaningful.
KM: What so meaningful o?
CY: Haha, actually I just logging in Friendster to stay contact with my old friends.
PL, KM, BL: Cheh…
PL: I also do something meaningful lah!
KM: How meaningful o?
PL: I surf www.ultimateguitar.com to learn guitar chords and tabs. It is quite nice, you can learn
to play latest hit songs because they teach you to hold guitar frets.
BL: Finished liao ar? I almost fall asleep!
PL: Haha… So what you do, Kiat Min?
KM: You all can’t imagine one… what I do is much more meaningful than u all.
CY: Wah… Sound like very “geng”!
KM: Sure lah… I built up people network leh!
Everyday, I sign in msn to chit-chat.

BL, PL, CY: Cheh…
Yen Ying: The tutor is here…
*So, that is the end of our conversation… ;)

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

HAaaLoooo........


Hi, everybody! My name is Tan Bee Ling. The first and most important thing that I want to tell everyone is… my birthday which is on 21 October of each year. Remember to send me a gift at that special day! Haha…

Actually I am same hometown with my group member, Kiat Min. So, my hometown is Kluang, Johor. Kluang is actually a small town which located near to Batu Pahat and Johor Bahru. It was being developed to city these few years. Last month, a new shopping mall, Kluang Mall was opened there. Inside this mall, there are several famous shop that are quite common to urban area people but quite attractive to the Kluang people. And these attractive shops are Secret Recipe, Big Apple, Giordano and Padini.

Now, I am going to talk about my hobbies. I usually will watch Hong Kong and Taiwan drama whenever I was free. I will play badminton when i was in good mood and free. But the fact is-this activity rarely happens in my daily life.

The top 5 websites and activities that I always visit are:
1. http://www.hotmail.com/ - I visit this website is for checking the mail from my friends and group member. For the group purpose, we always send the part that we have done to our group leader to combine it.

2. http://www.google.com/ - I use this website to find the information that are needed to do the assignment.

3. http://www.baidu.com/ - Whenever I need the dictionary, I will visit this website. Besides, I will search music through this website too.

4. http://www.utar.edu.my/ - I'm sure that every UTAR student will visit this website. Through this website, we can check our examination results, timetable and others.

5. http://www.facebook.com/ - I always use this website to know the latest updates of my ex-classmates and friends. And, I will upload photos on my own profile too.

harlo ^o^


Hi everyone! I’m Pei Ling, an accounting student in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR). I am born in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is a quite busy town with all walks of life. Talking about Cheras area, there is a very long night market near Cheras. I think it is the longest night market of all in KL, if I’m not mistaken. It is quite popular as there is variety of stuffs sold there.

Come back into my introduction.. My Date of Birth is 13th June 1986 and my favorite colors are blue and purple. When I’m free, I will surf the internet, play guitar (not play but practise, I should say.. hehe), play games and so on. So, that’s all about me.
Viewers of this blog are most welcome to jot down any comments. Please feel free to do so ok? Thank you!!

Here are the top five websites i visit most and activities. Check it out!!

1. http://www.utar.edu.my/
This website contains wble link that enables UTAR student to access information on each subjects every semester. Not only that, we are able to check course work marks, final exam’s results, timetable and provide link to access to online databases to help students in hunting for information.

2. http://www.hotmail.com/
My group members and I will normally use e-mail to communicate and discuss on assignments other than discussion face to face. Furthermore, hotmail also provides MSN that enables me to keep in touch with friends.

3. http://www.google.com/
I think not only me who surf Google most, de facto, most students use this for information-searching especially during peak time of assignments and thesis. Agree leh.. Anyway, it is a very useful website as I frequently obtain information there.

4. http://www.facebook.com/
As the expression goes, study but no play makes Jack a dull boy. So, besides working on assignments, tutorials and other tasks, I will normally surf facebook. There are various flash games available namely Word Challenge, Pet Society, Fluff friends and so on. Not only that, I am able to keep in touch my ex-classmates regardless they are near or far from me as facebook display the latest updates and posts by my friends.

5. http://www.ultimateguitar.com/
Whenever I have time, I will search some guitar chords and tabs. This website provides English songs and Chinese songs chords. It is useful as a novice like me, as this website also display the correct fingering on guitar frets.

ALOHA...


Hi, I’m Pua Chen Ying, a kampung girl from Paloh, Johor, which is a very small kampung that too small for people to know about it. Actually nothing much to say about my home town as it has no shopping mall, no red-box, no cinema, no Old Town White Coffee, no any entertainment there. Basically the life style there is just work or study, eat and sleep.

My date of birth is 9 January. My hobbies are surfing internet, watching fashion magazine and watching Japanese dramas. Also, I’m in love with pink color so so much.

The top 5 websites that I visit the most and the reasons are as follow:-

1- www.google.com
This web-site is very helpful when I am headache about all the assignment, especially google scholar.

2- wble.utar.edu.my
As a UTAR student, this website is a must for us to check for details of all the subjects.

3- www.yahoo.com
Nowadays, checking emails is like a “must”, so I can be up-dated with the most recent information.

4- www.facebook.com
E-community is a very powerful people network now and through facebook, I get to meet back my old friends.

5- www.youtube.com I usually visit this website to watch videos when I want to have a break or have some entertainment.

That's all for my self-introduction. Hope this will help you all to know me better. :)

Hi~~ Galzzz~~


Hi, I am Tai Kiat Min. My birthday is on 7th June 1987. My hometown is Kluang, Johor. Kluang is a nice and lovely place. We also called it “Bat Town”. It does not means Kluang got many bats. In Bahasa Melayu, “Kluang” means bat so called “Bat Town”. My birthday is on 7th June 1987. I like watching drama, surfing internet, and also day-dreaming. I love to play, chat, and study with my friends. ^^"

Well, this is the first time I created a blog and this is the first post, hope you all like this blog. We will do our best to tell you about E-commerce. If you have any comment or suggestion, please feel free to tell us.

The top 5 websites and activities that I visited the most:

1) http://www.utar.edu.my/ - The useful website for all UTAR students to check out information about our course, activities in our university, especially our results.

2) http://www.google.com/ - The common website for us to search information about our assignment, as well as thesis now.

3) http://www.sinchew-i.com/ - I am surfing this website for news. I can knew many extra information from it. It is also one tool for me to update myself with various types of knowledge.

4) http://www.facebook.com/ - I visit this website to keep contact with my old friends or recognize other people around the world. With this website, I can keep update with my friends.

5) http://www.friendster.com/ - Usually I visit this website to view my friends' photos, upload my own photos... Actually I am still finding out other features in this website such as playing online games, decorating my own page, and etc.